{"id":9298,"date":"2023-01-10T14:13:45","date_gmt":"2023-01-10T14:13:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yunikalaw.com\/?p=9298"},"modified":"2023-04-21T11:44:05","modified_gmt":"2023-04-21T11:44:05","slug":"ius-usus-inocui-innocuous-use-of-a-computer-program","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yunikalaw.com\/en\/2023\/01\/10\/ius-usus-inocui-innocuous-use-of-a-computer-program\/","title":{"rendered":"Ius usus inocui (innocuous use) of a computer program"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9298\" class=\"elementor elementor-9298\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<header class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9a42f3e elementor-section-full_width elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"9a42f3e\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" 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class=\"elementor-item\" tabindex=\"-1\"><span data-no-translation><span class=\"trp-ls-language-name\">ES<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\t\t\t<\/nav>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/header>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-7c21e0a5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default elementor-invisible\" data-id=\"7c21e0a5\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;animation&quot;:&quot;fadeIn&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-edb21ed\" data-id=\"edb21ed\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6582f5b2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6582f5b2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Ius usus inocui (innocuous use) <br> of a computer program<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-870269c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"870269c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Fernando Brandolini<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-63b47f3b elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"63b47f3b\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2224ad2\" data-id=\"2224ad2\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1ed744cb elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1ed744cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Our case of \"innocuous use\" of software<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b5af44 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3b5af44\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p><span lang=\"EN-US\">At YUNIKALAW we have had the opportunity to successfully resolve a conflict that posed a certain complexity, especially in the area of software, in which the so-called &#8220;innocuous use&#8221; of this type of intellectual creations was being discussed.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-US\">We refer to the case in which an Architecture Firm asked us for legal advice and defense in relation to the complaint received from the holder of the exploitation rights of a computer program. Our client had used a software without having obtained the prior and mandatory authorization, so that the holder of the rights claimed that its rights had been infringed and, therefore, in addition to having to cease immediately in its use, our client had to compensate them for the damages caused.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8b6bd32 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"8b6bd32\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-de6aae0\" data-id=\"de6aae0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-19c9789 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"19c9789\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What the current Spanish regulation - Royal Decree 1\/1996 - says<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c1c1880 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c1c1880\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p><span lang=\"EN-US\">In relation to this issue, the current Spanish legal regulation [Law approved by Royal Decree 1\/1996] establishes that anyone interested in using a computer program must contact its author -or the person to whom he\/she has assigned his\/her exploitation rights- to obtain the corresponding authorization. Failure to do so could be considered an infringement of copyright.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-US\">However, these rights are not absolute, but have certain legal limits. With respect to computer programs, the Law establishes its own legal regime in which these limits are more restricted than for the rest of intellectual works. In fact, to use a computer program without the corresponding authorization, it is not enough to reproduce it [understood as the action of downloading, executing, transmitting or storing] on a temporary basis or in a private, academic and\/or scientific environment, without commercial or lucrative purposes and on an individual basis, as is the case with other intellectual creations. In the case of computer programs, it is also required that the use made is of the copy acquired directly from its owner.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-US\">However, Spanish jurisprudential doctrine has established that the protection granted by copyright -including the aforementioned legal limits- cannot and should not authorize abusive claims. Thus, when analyzing the use made and not authorized, special consideration must be given to the impact or incidence it has had on the economic sphere of the holder of the rights deriving therefrom. This is what is known as &#8220;<em>ius usus inocui<\/em>&#8220;; i.e. &#8220;right to the harmless use&#8221; of another&#8217;s right.<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-US\">This criterion is expressed, among others, in the Rulings of the Spanish Supreme Court of 29\/04\/2009, 14\/03\/2003 and 20\/03\/1989; and, in the field of copyright, in the Spanish Supreme Court\u2019s Ruling of 03\/04\/2012. In the latter, the Supreme Court indicated that the doctrine of the right to innocuous use of another&#8217;s right finds its manifestation in one of the provisions contained in the Spanish Law on Intellectual Property; in particular, in Art. 40.bis, which states that &#8220;<\/span><em><span lang=\"EN-US\">the articles of this chapter<\/span><\/em><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">[limits to copyrights]<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><em><span lang=\"EN-US\">may not be interpreted in such a way as to allow their application in a manner that would cause unjustified prejudice to the legitimate interests of the author or would be detrimental to the normal exploitation of the works to which they refer<\/span><\/em><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u201d.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-98181a2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"98181a2\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-b0281ce\" data-id=\"b0281ce\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0a4d145 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"0a4d145\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Case Law<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6a02ba3 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"6a02ba3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p><span lang=\"EN-US\">Thus, in the event of litigation, the Court analyzing the rightsholder claims must verify whether the unauthorized reproduction has caused any prejudice to the &#8220;legitimate interests\u201d of the owner &#8211; however remote or indirect &#8211; or whether it has even threatened the &#8220;normal&#8221; exploitation of the work whose protection is claimed; or whether, on the contrary, such reproduction even favors those same interests and a &#8220;normal&#8221; exploitation, turning those claims into &#8220;abusive&#8221; or contrary to good faith.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-US\">Also applicable to the specific case,<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><em><span lang=\"EN-US\">sensu contrario,<\/span><\/em><span lang=\"EN-US\">\u00a0<\/span><span lang=\"EN-US\">was the Ruling issued on 06\/06\/2016 by the Commercial Court 2 of Bilbao, concerning a case in which the defendant had downloaded a computer program without authorization from the owner of the same during the period in which it carried out a training course on the use of the aforementioned computer tool. In this case, the defendant company was convicted for infringement, since &#8211; in addition to having used the computer program without having obtained the corresponding authorization &#8211; this use had had an impact on the economic sphere of the plaintiff company, since not one single download was made, but up to eight, on different computers. In addition, the accesses had been &#8220;continuous, reiterated and expansive in time&#8221;, without these coinciding temporally with the hours of use with the calendar of the course carried out. Thus, the Court considered that the &#8220;expansive use&#8221; given to this program revealed an intention of use whose transcendence had an importance that exceeded the hypothesis of being intended for a training course.<\/span><\/p><\/div><div><p><span lang=\"EN-US\">In this state of affairs, and taking into consideration the information provided by our client -(i) that the actions consisting of downloading and executing the computer program took place in the context of a training course on the use of this computer tool, in order to be instructed during the course; (ii) that the program was not used again; (iii) that our client renewed all the computer equipment of its employees even before receiving the injunction; not for that reason, but to improve its performance; and (iv) that the company did not obtain any economic benefit, since it did not provide any service in which the software could have been used, so that the holder of the rights of the program did not suffer any damage &#8211; we were able to confirm that this was one of the cases of the so-called &#8220;innocuous use&#8221; or harmless use.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-dbe16b6 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"dbe16b6\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-ea984c6\" data-id=\"ea984c6\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ee24bb8 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"ee24bb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Conclusion<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60c5513 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"60c5513\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div><p><span lang=\"EN-US\">Beyond the satisfactory conclusion of the case in favor of our client, it is not very adventurous to conclude that the use of a computer program such as the one presented here is an &#8220;innocuous use&#8221; of another&#8217;s right and, as such, should be allowed, not only because it does not infringe the normal exploitation of that Intellectual Property work but, on the contrary, because -depending on the circumstances of the case- it may even favor its exploitation since the holder of those rights finds a way to promote the sale of the same; that is to say, that the user ends up acquiring a license for its use.<\/span><\/p><\/div>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-283ee371 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"283ee371\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4d928364\" data-id=\"4d928364\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5c62e5f2 elementor-flip-box--effect-fade elementor-invisible elementor-widget elementor-widget-flip-box\" data-id=\"5c62e5f2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;_animation&quot;:&quot;slideInLeft&quot;}\" data-widget_type=\"flip-box.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__front\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon-wrapper elementor-view-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer elementor-flip-box__back\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__overlay\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-flip-box__layer__inner\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4ad756a5\" data-id=\"4ad756a5\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-23bd7ad1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"23bd7ad1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">About the author<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e646815 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e646815\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>With experience in the practice of law since 1998, I have been advising and defending the rights and interests of clients in Intellectual Property, Advertising and Unfair\u00a0Competition\/Passing-off matters, especially in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, agri-food\u00a0and intellectual creations sectors, since I specialised two years later. In particular, in matters of trademarks, patents, copyright and other forms of intellectual creation, as well\u00a0as in matters of new technologies, computer programs and the implications that these types of matters have in other areas of law, such as contract law and company law.<\/p><p>My professional career stands out for the quality and method I apply in the provision of my services, which ensures the high level of success I obtain, both in commercial and criminal\u00a0matters and in contentious-administrative matters; and not only in the pre-trial and\u00a0administrative phase but also betore the Courts, both Spanish and of the European Union\u00a0(the General Court and the Court of Justice of the European Union).<\/p><p>At the same time as practising as a lawyer, I have accumulated teaching and academic\u00a0experience in different higher education institutions. Among others, at the Faculty of Law of the UCM Universidad Complutense de Madrid (Civil Law), at the EOI Escuela de Organizaci\u00f3n Industrial (Master in Intellectual Property), at the ISDE Instituto Superior de Derecho y Econom\u00eda (Master in International Law and Master in Intellectual Property), at the Madrid Bar Association (Courses on legal actions in Intellectual Property matters) and at the Colegio de Ingenieros de Caminos, Canales y Puertos de Madrid (Course on Arbitration).<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3744e3a1 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"3744e3a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-752a5e70 elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"752a5e70\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.linkedin.com\/in\/fernando-brandolini-kujman-7219a412\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"e-font-icon-svg e-fab-linkedin\" viewBox=\"0 0 448 512\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\"><path d=\"M416 32H31.9C14.3 32 0 46.5 0 64.3v383.4C0 465.5 14.3 480 31.9 480H416c17.6 0 32-14.5 32-32.3V64.3c0-17.8-14.4-32.3-32-32.3zM135.4 416H69V202.2h66.5V416zm-33.2-243c-21.3 0-38.5-17.3-38.5-38.5S80.9 96 102.2 96c21.2 0 38.5 17.3 38.5 38.5 0 21.3-17.2 38.5-38.5 38.5zm282.1 243h-66.4V312c0-24.8-.5-56.7-34.5-56.7-34.6 0-39.9 27-39.9 54.9V416h-66.4V202.2h63.7v29.2h.9c8.9-16.8 30.6-34.5 62.9-34.5 67.2 0 79.7 44.3 79.7 101.9V416z\"><\/path><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Follow Fernando on LinkedIn<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cf2e64 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1cf2e64\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Speaks Spanish, English and Italian<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-36b5e06f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"36b5e06f\" data-element_type=\"section\" data-e-type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-14ee0ed0\" data-id=\"14ee0ed0\" data-element_type=\"column\" data-e-type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6810fd36 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6810fd36\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Contact<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-77865176 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"77865176\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>We are fully prepared to answer your questions and attend to your legal needs. We can help you.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-69031b6a elementor-icon-list--layout-traditional elementor-list-item-link-full_width elementor-widget elementor-widget-icon-list\" data-id=\"69031b6a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"icon-list.default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul class=\"elementor-icon-list-items\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"600.000000pt\" height=\"600.000000pt\" viewBox=\"0 0 600.000000 600.000000\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><metadata>Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019<\/metadata><g transform=\"translate(0.000000,600.000000) scale(0.100000,-0.100000)\" fill=\"#000000\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2640 5974 c-1381 -164 -2466 -1254 -2625 -2634 -20 -177 -20 -513 0 -690 159 -1385 1250 -2476 2635 -2635 177 -20 513 -20 690 0 1385 159 2476 1250 2635 2635 20 177 20 513 0 690 -102 884 -588 1673 -1334 2164 -389 256 -833 417 -1301 471 -167 19 -538 18 -700 -1z m552 -499 c359 -20 780 -157 1111 -363 296 -183 587 -467 779 -762 523 -801 535 -1848 30 -2663 -134 -218 -354 -467 -557 -630 -909 -733 -2211 -733 -3120 0 -203 163 -423 412 -557 630 -554 894 -482 2049 179 2868 104 129 311 330 438 426 325 244 692 402 1092 469 135 23 348 39 448 34 33 -2 104 -6 157 -9z\"><\/path><path d=\"M1740 4477 c0 -2 203 -437 450 -968 l450 -964 0 -532 0 -533 340 0 340 0 0 528 0 527 451 960 c248 528 453 966 456 973 4 9 -71 12 -355 12 l-360 0 -17 -42 c-17 -44 -185 -480 -376 -978 -61 -157 -115 -296 -120 -310 -13 -29 -16 -20 -184 440 -58 157 -158 420 -223 585 l-118 300 -367 3 c-202 1 -367 1 -367 -1z\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">Calle Fern\u00e1ndez de la Hoz, 33, 4\u00ba centro-izq<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<a href=\"mailto:info@yunikalaw.com\" target=\"_blank\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"600.000000pt\" height=\"600.000000pt\" viewBox=\"0 0 600.000000 600.000000\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><metadata>Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019<\/metadata><g transform=\"translate(0.000000,600.000000) scale(0.100000,-0.100000)\" fill=\"#000000\" stroke=\"none\"><path d=\"M2640 5974 c-1381 -164 -2466 -1254 -2625 -2634 -20 -177 -20 -513 0 -690 159 -1385 1250 -2476 2635 -2635 177 -20 513 -20 690 0 1385 159 2476 1250 2635 2635 20 177 20 513 0 690 -102 884 -588 1673 -1334 2164 -389 256 -833 417 -1301 471 -167 19 -538 18 -700 -1z m552 -499 c359 -20 780 -157 1111 -363 296 -183 587 -467 779 -762 523 -801 535 -1848 30 -2663 -134 -218 -354 -467 -557 -630 -909 -733 -2211 -733 -3120 0 -203 163 -423 412 -557 630 -554 894 -482 2049 179 2868 104 129 311 330 438 426 325 244 692 402 1092 469 135 23 348 39 448 34 33 -2 104 -6 157 -9z\"><\/path><path d=\"M1740 4477 c0 -2 203 -437 450 -968 l450 -964 0 -532 0 -533 340 0 340 0 0 528 0 527 451 960 c248 528 453 966 456 973 4 9 -71 12 -355 12 l-360 0 -17 -42 c-17 -44 -185 -480 -376 -978 -61 -157 -115 -296 -120 -310 -13 -29 -16 -20 -184 440 -58 157 -158 420 -223 585 l-118 300 -367 3 c-202 1 -367 1 -367 -1z\"><\/path><\/g><\/svg>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-text\">info@yunikalaw.com<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"elementor-icon-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-icon-list-icon\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<svg xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"600.000000pt\" height=\"600.000000pt\" viewBox=\"0 0 600.000000 600.000000\" preserveAspectRatio=\"xMidYMid meet\"><metadata>Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 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